- M is the mass of liquid in each tank (kg)
- T0 is the temperature of the feed stream (K)
- T1(t), T2(t) and T3(t) are the temperatures in each tank
- Ts is the temperature of the heating coil
- W is the flowrate of the feed stream (kg s-1)
- Cp is the specific heat capacity of the feed stream (J kg-1 K-1)
- U is the overall heat transfer coefficient (W m-2 K-1)
- A is the heat transfer area (m2)
The three differential equations were solved analytically to give symbolic equations for the three temperatures T1(t), T2(t) and T3(t) . These equations were then translated into Visual Basic and implemented in Excel.
The spreadsheet also gives the steady-state temperature Tn of the nth tank connected in series, as predicted by this equation.
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